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QWhy would a 5G registration fail with cause #7?

1TS 24.501 §5.5.1.2.5 … the UE shall set the 5GMM cause to #7 “5GS services not allowed” …
2TS 29.503 §6.2 … Nudm_UECM registration is rejected where the subscription does not permit 5GS access on the serving network …
3TS 29.524 §5.2 … 403 Forbidden with NO_PS_SUBSCRIPTION or RAT_NOT_ALLOWED maps to 5GMM cause #7 …

ACause #7 is 5GS services not allowed. The AMF sends it when the subscription does not permit 5GS services on the network the UE reached, typically after UDM UE Context Management answers 403 Forbidden.

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What is the difference between N2 and N3 in 5G, and which protocols ride on each?

N2 is the control-plane interface between the gNB and the AMF, carrying NGAP over SCTP for signalling such as registration and PDU session setup. N3 is the user-plane interface between the gNB and the UPF, carrying subscriber traffic in GTP-U tunnels over UDP.

Grounded in 3GPP TS 38.413 and TS 29.281

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